Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4/CD80 are Blocked by Rhus verniciflua Stokes and its Active Compounds

doi: 10.3390/molecules24224062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune checkpoint blocking effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract and fractions tested by competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Effect of PD-L1 inhibitor C1, RVS extract and fractions on PD-1/PD-L1 binding activity ( A ); Effect of anti-CTLA-4 antibody, RVS extract and fractions on CTLA-4/CD80 binding activity ( B ). The relative binding activity was normalized to the relative percentage of the vehicle control group. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was calculated using Prism “log[inhibitor] vs. normalized response” equation. All results are presented as the mean value of three independent biological replicates. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with the vehicle control group.

Article Snippet: An aliquot of 1 μg/mL recombinant human PD-L1 (BPS Bioscience, #71104) or CTLA-4 (BPS Bioscience, #71149) were coated onto a 96-well plate overnight.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Competitive ELISA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4/CD80 are Blocked by Rhus verniciflua Stokes and its Active Compounds

doi: 10.3390/molecules24224062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune checkpoint blocking effects of isolated compounds by competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Effect of PD-L1 inhibitor C1, compounds eriodictyol ( 7 ) and fisetin on PD-1/PD-L1 binding activity ( 9 ) ( A ); effect of anti-CTLA-4 antibody (Ipilimumab), compounds protocatechuic acid ( 2 ) and caffeic acid ( 19 ) on CTLA-4/CD80 binding activity ( B ). The relative binding activity was normalized to the relative percentage of the vehicle control group. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was calculated using Prism “log[inhibitor] vs. normalized response” equation. All results are presented as the mean of three independent biological replicates. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with the vehicle control group.

Article Snippet: An aliquot of 1 μg/mL recombinant human PD-L1 (BPS Bioscience, #71104) or CTLA-4 (BPS Bioscience, #71149) were coated onto a 96-well plate overnight.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Isolation, Competitive ELISA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: eLife

Article Title: CRIg, a tissue-resident macrophage specific immune checkpoint molecule, promotes immunological tolerance in NOD mice, via a dual role in effector and regulatory T cells

doi: 10.7554/eLife.29540

Figure Lengend Snippet: CTV-labeled CD4 + Foxp3(GFP) - Tconv cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28, in the presence of plate-coated control Ig, or CRIg-Ig (5 ug/ml). Soluble Ig fusion proteins for CTLA-4, PD-1, VISTA, CD226 and TIGIT (from R and D) were added at indicated concentrations. T cell proliferation was analyzed by CTV dilutions at day 3. Shown are representative of three experiments.

Article Snippet: peptide, recombinant protein , CTLA-4 Ig , R and D Systems , CAT#: 434-CT-200/CF , .

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: eLife

Article Title: CRIg, a tissue-resident macrophage specific immune checkpoint molecule, promotes immunological tolerance in NOD mice, via a dual role in effector and regulatory T cells

doi: 10.7554/eLife.29540

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: peptide, recombinant protein , CTLA-4 Ig , R and D Systems , CAT#: 434-CT-200/CF , .

Techniques: Generated, Purification, Recombinant, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Staining, TA Cloning, SYBR Green Assay, Avidin-Biotin Assay, Software, DNA Methylation Assay